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新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;

mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">根據一項研究報告的預測,如果溫室氣體的排放沒有減少,溫室氣體預計造成的暖化與降雪的變化將使南極的無冰區一舉增加1Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;

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minor-latin">萬7mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:

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mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">千平方公里,而無冰區的面積於2100minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;

mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年時將達到整個南極洲面積的四分之一,嚴重威脅當地生物的多樣性。

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新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;

mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">目前僅占南極洲總面積1%minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;

mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">的無冰區是南極陸地生物主要的生存空間,由於它們彼此之間相互隔離,就如同海洋中的島嶼一樣,每個無冰區可能都擁有獨特的生態。而隨著暖化所導致的無冰區域擴大,無冰區彼此可能互相連通,使不同的生態系開始接觸,最後可能導致同質化。根據澳大利亞南極局的資料,無冰區的數量將於2100Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;

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minor-latin">年從5mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:

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mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">千多個下降到不到3minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;

mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">千個。但是如果溫室氣體的排放得到控制,則將有4Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;

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minor-latin">千個以上的獨立無冰區能夠維持存在。

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mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">其中南極半島變暖的速度是最快的,約有85%minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;

mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">新的無冰區產生於此。而在南奧克尼群島,到了2100Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;

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minor-latin">年則被估計將成為完全無冰區域。研究人員稱,這些地方將面臨環境的完全轉變。

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mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">無冰區擴大所可能造成的生態變化目前仍在評估中,一些本地物種可能因此得到了額外的生存空間,抑或是受到了其他地區入侵物種的強大威脅。無論是哪種變化都可能給當地生態系統帶來不穩定的影響。研究報告作者之一、澳大利亞南極局的mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:

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ZH-TW;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Aleks Teraudsmso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"新細明體","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:

Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;

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"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;

mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">表示:「新擴大的無冰區域可能給物種帶來新的生存空間,但隨之而來的是不同物種的接觸。一些物種可能會在生存競爭中滅絕。」